L2: "Logic and Mathematics"

FREGE AND RUSSELL.

'Natural Numbers' - Words used to count. Created from Abstract Categories or Groups. "Plural" - Combination of Numbers/Words - Small Numbers different function to Large Numbers (logically reach up to 6/7 before start to count).

-(8545)- Basic Symbols Organised According to Syntax (inferred system of rules). Can be Analysed Through Division, etc. Addition and Multiplication as "Plurals of Plurals". Technology as innate part of Neurological Syntax. [CHOMSKY] A Basic Logical Language containing Limited Human Intelligence (predictive text, etc). 

Three attitudes towards numbers:

1) They are natural and empirical/observed. [RUSSELL]
2) They are intuitive [PYTHAGORAS/PLATO] - Numbers are from a different world. "Supernatural".
3) They are abstract objects [FREGE] that modify meaning. Not something we learn so must be innate [CHOMSKY]

Apes able to distinguish Simple Plurality. 0 (the absence of a thing/"one thing"), 1 (one/enough/"more than one thing") and 2 (a lot/unlimited/more than one/"many things") - All are strong natural numbers.

L5: "The Freudian Consciousness"

SIGMUND FREUD (1856-1939)
 

[Image available under Wikimedia Commons]

"The secret antagonist of the intellect" The misery of the human condition. People alienated. [MARX] Sex becomes important in the Media as motivator. People no longer considered noble creatures. Challenges Enlightenment.

The Freudian Personality. ID. From birth. Aim to gain pleasure and avoid pain. Demands fulfilment. "Spoilt Brat" EGO. Reality and Reason. Rational. The least powerful part of the personality. SUPEREGO. Socialisation. Person punished with guilt. Attempting to live up to impossible standards of perfection. Society as collective.

Psychoanalysis. The exchange of words between patient and doctor. Believed he discovered the 'archaeology' of the mind. Dreams as the 'royal road' to the unconscious. Reveal real problems. The existence of  a "subconscious". Method aims to try and distract/contain the ID.  No real satisfaction unless destroying enemy. 
 
"The poets and philosophers before me discovered the unconscious. What I discovered was the scientific method by which the unconscious can be studied" [FREUD]