The 1950's/60's was a time of prosperity within the USA and the developed world. The outlook was highly KEYNESIAN, as the failure of
Communism lead to Capitalism being seen as a more efficient and effective way to
progress. Branding and Advertising, described as the ‘drug of the nation’, was used to appeal to a person’s subconscious
wants and desires, with the rise in Finance Capital paving the way for a more
nihilistic outlook. People became self-indulgent, adopting smoking for example,
and much more materialistic. Classic Economists such as ADAM SMITH and DAVID HUME were now obsolete as the increase in capital became
the height of social worth and the purpose of existence. Bigger organisations were
being set up to accommodate the necessary ‘means
of production’ with America now being viewed as a “Free Market Capitalist Economy”.
This weeks WINOL News Bulletin, featuring Adventure Promo (11:47)
Written for WINOL's Travel and Adventure Magazine. Issue Feb/March 2013. Published article can be found HERE.
Find the plan below.
Caption:
GAP YEAR MEMORIES: An exclusive look at student holiday snaps.
[Mini slideshow of images (with captions) + written story (below)]
As a student, it's always appealing to trek into the world of Travel and Adventure. Here we look at some of their best (and worst) experiences.
FREGE AND RUSSELL.
'Natural Numbers' - Words used to count. Created from Abstract Categories or Groups. "Plural" - Combination of Numbers/Words - Small Numbers different function to Large Numbers (logically reach up to 6/7 before start to count).
-(8545)- Basic Symbols Organised According to Syntax (inferred system of rules). Can be Analysed Through Division, etc. Addition and Multiplication as "Plurals of Plurals". Technology as innate part of Neurological Syntax. [CHOMSKY] A Basic Logical Language containing Limited Human Intelligence (predictive text, etc).
Three attitudes towards numbers:
1) They are natural and empirical/observed. [RUSSELL]
2) They are intuitive [PYTHAGORAS/PLATO] - Numbers are from a different world. "Supernatural".
3) They are abstract objects [FREGE] that modify meaning. Not something we learn so must be innate [CHOMSKY]
Apes able to distinguish Simple Plurality. 0 (the absence of a thing/"one thing"), 1 (one/enough/"more than one thing") and 2 (a lot/unlimited/more than one/"many things") - All are strong natural numbers.
10.02.2013
[Written for NEW WINCHESTER REVIEW. Find the published article HERE.]
Situated in Maresfield Gardens in London, the museum remains a tribute to one of the most talked about philosophers of our time. It was in this house, old, rustic, antique, that Freud lived out the last year of his life until his death on 23rd September 1939. It remained occupied by his youngest daughter Anna Freud, the only of his six children to take up the study of psychoanalysis, up until 1982 and it was her request that it be turned into a museum to honour her late father's work.
Existentialism. The rejection of DESCARTES. "I am, therefore I think" - We exist. There is no need for proof. [Anti-POPPER].
KANT and "The Critique of Pure Reason" [1781] Existence has no purpose, it is just necessary; a pre-condition of consciousness. As we exist, we constantly change and mutate. Our consciousness is subjective (based on the moods of the moment) and aposteriori in nature.
HUSSERL and Phenomenology (consciousness without reference to external). "Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint" [1874] The metaphysical view that our essence is embodied. Abolition of mind and matter. Instead, mind over matter. Phenomena is presented to us through consciousness as a "thing in itself" (independent).
HEIDEGGER - "Being and Time" [1927] saw the end of the metaphysical outlook. He disagreed with HUSSERL - objects are not independent from mind, instead, they are a refection of consciousness. Objects exist only in the mind. Therefore, there can be no "absolute truth" DESCARTES - No difference between dream and reality.
DASEIN: "way of being"/"being there" (German) Reflective of the perceiver's mood. HEIDEGGERS PROJECT - to live subjectively; an 'authentic life'. Rejection of all philosophy since SOCRATES. ROUSSEAU - to break free from industrial chains.
