Search This Blog

Friday 14 December 2012

CRITICAL REFLECTION.

“Our critics are our greatest lovers because they show us our faults” [NIETZSCHE]

WINOL has become one of the most credible sources of independent Journalism by University students in Winchester. Over the past three months it has slowly overtaken Goldsmith University’s ‘eastlondonlines’ publication with WINOL’s global rank being #468,755 and #9,904 in the UK compared with Goldsmith’s #608,768 and #27,074. Again, with local news site thisiswinchester.co.uk (Hampshire Chronicle) we see a dramatic difference; #887,317 in global rank and #40,478 in the UK. [Alexa.com, 13.12.12]
The WINOL website has witnessed a dramatic redesign this semester with a vast improvement seen in News and Features. Content is now being updated daily compared to weekly with our live, independent Twitter account displayed on the front page, generating 1,025 followers [13.12.12] compared to approximately 650 at the start of the semester. Tabs at the top make for easier navigation around the site, including links to our latest bulletin so that the public can get a taste of WINOL as whole. We also broadcasted our first daily news bulletin “99 NEWS”. This was a highly ambitious project as it ran alongside our weekly bulletin.

Tuesday 11 December 2012

L5: "The Freudian Consciousness"

SIGMUND FREUD (1856-1939)
 
[Image available under Wikimedia Commons]
"The secret antagonist of the intellect" The misery of the human condition. People alienated. [MARX] Sex becomes important in the Media as motivator. People no longer considered noble creatures. Challenges Enlightenment.

The Freudian Personality. ID. From birth. Aim to gain pleasure and avoid pain. Demands fulfilment. "Spoilt Brat" EGO. Reality and Reason. Rational. The least powerful part of the personality. SUPEREGO. Socialisation. Person punished with guilt. Attempting to live up to impossible standards of perfection. Society as collective.

Psychoanalysis. The exchange of words between patient and doctor. Believed he discovered the 'archaeology' of the mind. Dreams as the 'royal road' to the unconscious. Reveal real problems. The existence of  a "subconscious". Method aims to try and distract/contain the ID.  No real satisfaction unless destroying enemy. 
 
"The poets and philosophers before me discovered the unconscious. What I discovered was the scientific method by which the unconscious can be studied" [FREUD]

Friday 30 November 2012

More Economics.

JOHN MAYNARD KEYNES (1883-1946)

Assigned reading "Introduction by PAUL KRUGMAN to 'The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money' by JOHN MAYNARD KEYNES".

"I find it helpful to describe it as a meal that begins with a delectable appetizer and ends with a delightful dessert, but whose main course consists of rather tough meat" [KRUGMAN on "The General Theory"]

We are all Keynesians.

KEYNES was writing during the 1930's when America was going through a "deflationary gap", of which there was more goods than money. Resources appeared to be limitless which led to advancements in mechanised agriculture. With new invention came new investment. "The Money Effect"  - Money has the power to affect human behaviour.

His Economic Philosophy was that 'money matters'. The economy should remain in a stable state of "Equilibrium" whereby the amount of money should match the amount of goods. In the event of a recession, for example, the economy goes through a process of "Disequilibrium" A products value increases as the money supply pumped into the economy decreases. This leads to negative economic growth.

Tuesday 27 November 2012

Miscarriages of Justice: Paul Blackburn


"How can they put you in prison for something you haven't done?"

After spending 25 years in prison for a crime he didn't commit, Paul Blackburn took time out to talk to the 2nd year students about his ordeal.

At the age of 15, Blackburn was convicted of attempted murder and attempted sexual assault against a minor. There was no identification and no forensic evidence against him. He was forced to sign a confession and was given a discretionary life sentence of 99 years.

He described prison as "one of the loneliest places you can be" but refused to become a victim. Throughout his sentence he continued to appeal his innocence. Starting with the BBC's "Rough Justice" in the 80's, who rejected his appeal and later to the Criminal Cases Review Commission (CCRC). After 27 years of appealing, the case against him was proven false and he was released on 17th March 2003.

Nine years on, he has become involved in Innocence Network UK (INUK), attending conferences around the UK continuing his campaign for Justice.

His message: Never underestimate the value of freedom.

Watch the exclusive WINOL interview here:
http://winol.co.uk/wrongfully-imprisoned-for-25-years/

Monday 19 November 2012

L2: "Empiricism vs. Idealism"

KARL POPPER (1902-1994)

"Logical Positivism" The Vienna Circle (FREUD, WITTGENSTEIN). Attack on Empiricism. Metaphysics as "gibberish" consisting of theories that have not been verified. Rejection of DESCARTES, his Cogito branded a "non-verifiable induction". Something that cannot be proved through aposteriori reasoning.

POPPER was against the scientific process of induction. Like HUME, he saw the process of induction as "unreliable" but necessary in the quest for truth. 

"Hume has proved that pure Empiricism is not a basis for science... without the principle of induction, then science is impossible" (page 612)

In "The Open Society and it's Enemies" POPPER explains how the state should leave maximum room for self-correction in order to minimise suffering. Each law should be highly experimental. There is no 100% knowledge, therefore everything is untrue/falsifiable. Otherwise known as "The Theory of Falsification".

Sunday 4 November 2012

L1: "Science and Certainty"

BACON, NEWTON, EINSTEIN.

"Mechanistic Materialists" - The world as a machine.

Science as the search for the truth. The separation of Mind and Reality. Two forms of knowledge according to KANT (1724-1804). Apriori and Aposteriori. One true "by definition". The other learned through experience.

Object ---> Phenomena (perceived) ---> Noumena (unperceived) 

When an object is unperceived, "noumenal", it becomes a "thing-in-itself". SCHOPENHAUER (1788-1860) believed in the world as a "thing in itself", whereby, it is necessary for existence.

The Cartesian belief of Solopsism. The idea that only you exist and everything else is a dream. "I think, therefore I am". Apriori reasoning of the phenomenal, external world.

Modern Theoretical Physics. The idea that there was no time before time. We view the world through "space time goggles". We see the world in 3D because we, ourselves, are 3D beings. Time as a mental phenomena. [EINSTEIN] - "The Verification Principle" "The truth is of any proposition is the way in which you verify". Supportive of BACON'S inductive method.

NEWTON. The laws of nature from nature itself. Knowledge is objective and independent from perception. Apriori.

Journalists taught to "play dumb". We can know nothing for certain. Aposteriori reasoning of deduction, not induction.

Monday 29 October 2012

HCJ Seminar Paper (1.11.12)

Economics

Economics, in this sense is scientific and subjective. Based on fact and according to Karl Popper (1902-1994) cannot be falsified. In his view, policies should be judged as experimental leaving maximum room for self-correction, as stated in his work “The Open Society and its Enemies” (1962). Empiricist John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) claims that it is through falsifying that human nature progresses.
Classical Economist Adam Smith (1723-1790) views people as “calculating machines” designed for maximising pleasure and minimising pain. Otherwise known as Utilitarianism, this moral philosophy is hindered by the State, which is viewed as an obstacle to progress. In “The Wealth of Nations” (1776) he states that richer countries come down to too much state intervention. “The hidden hand of the market” in which all value is derived from trade, when in actuality; people should be allowed to be free.
This is the crisis of Capitalism, claimed by Karl Marx (1818-1883) with which the “Iron Law of Wages” will inevitably lead to the fall of Western Civilisation. There is a constant struggle to survive (Charles Darwin, 1809-1882) as humans use up resources to their maximum limit. A prime example being the Golden Age of the 50’s, 60’s and 70’s, whereby the economic boom lead to high levels of inflation, causing mass unemployment. The rise in monetary value reduced the right of human freedom in the modern world.

Monday 17 September 2012

The Lucan Case.

As newly appointed Crime Reporter for WINOL, a University based News Bulletin (WinchesterNewsOnline), I have spent the past fortnight undergoing intensive shorthand (re)training and research into some of the most infamous criminal cases.

With less than a week left, I am fully preparing myself for the start of a new semester.
This will be my livelihood from this moment on.
One case in particular has grabbed the headlines recently - The Lucan Case.

Tuesday 4 September 2012

Create your own Batgirl outfit. STUDENT STYLE!

Stuck at home all summer? Why not get creative in 10 easy steps.

With reference to http://www.revampfancydress.co.uk/prod-batgirl-hire-costume/861/.

1. Begin with an old plain black top and skirt. Carefully remove any unecessary embellishments.

Sunday 19 August 2012

Creative Memories.


"It's nice that we've all been there for each other and I hope we remain friends" (15.12.11)


"I've started to build my own life now I've settled in and I couldn't be happier" (9.2.12)


"Experienced more this year than my whole life, it feels" (26.6.12)


 "Great times. Bad times. Damn near incredible times. I don't regret a thing" (8.7.12)

As my second year at University begins, I have decided to document my first year in a Scrapbook. I loved crafting when I was little and I thought this would be the perfect way to record my experiences.

Monday 7 May 2012

Analysis of a Converged Media Text

Captain America


When Captain America was introduced in 1941, he represented a “patriotic ideal” that related to the consumer, its target audience either aspiring young men or soldiers of war. “A hero emblazoned in stars and stripes was never going to be an easy sell” (Lupoi, 2012), yet he became the symbol of an “idealised freedom fighter” during World War II, branded with a costume modelled on the American Flag. He represented Liberty during the “Golden Age” of America. “The fact that many readers would soon find themselves in that… army helped ensure ‘Cap’s’ popularity; the new soldiers remained comic book fans, and they, too, hoped to be heroes in disguise.” (Abrams, 1991, [Online]) His popularity meant Captain America became a “leading patriot”; an “artefact” of popular culture through “old” and “new” media convergence.

Wednesday 11 April 2012

"The Paradigm Of Change" #2

19th Century Romanticism was greatly dominated by 'German Idealism'. Influenced by the almighty power of the Prussian State, it produced such philosophers as Immanuel Kant who declared that "not everything can be known" - the idea that certain knowledge of the world is beyond our understanding.

His philosophy went on to influence the likes of Hegel, Byron and Schopenhauer at a time when British Empiricism was thriving.

Tuesday 20 March 2012

HCJ Seminar Paper (20/03/12)

Max Weber (1864 – 1920)
Weber’s political philosophy appeared towards the end of the Enlightenment, a time of Social Radicalism that called for a revolt between the two main classes; the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. British Empiricism was at a standstill and the rise of the German state secured a more conservative way of thinking.
Following on from Karl Marx’s (1818 – 1883) political philosophy, Weber’s beliefs were wholly Kantian. He believed “The essence of politics is struggle" (Kilcullen, 1996, [Online]). He describes how power is obtained through political struggle; therefore there is value in conflict. Kant describes an “internal struggle against wicked desires” (Robinson and Groves, 1998), whereby we perform a duty in order to become virtuous.

Thursday 8 March 2012

The “Innocence” Project: Warner Case

On 22nd July 1989, an elderly couple were murdered in their home on Gibson Road, Easthampton.
Mr Pool was found in the upstairs hall. He had been stabbed no less than 23 times to the chest and abdomen. A blood smeared knife was found with the body, but was not considered to be the murder weapon.
Mrs Pool was found in the upstairs bedroom. She had been stabbed 11 times in the chest and neck, and it was later revealed that she had been sexually assaulted. Saliva recovered from her left breast was inconclusive.
In March 1991, Neil Warner was convicted of murder at Easthampton Crown Court.
He appealed against his conviction and was refused twice due to “formidable” evidence against him.
Fingerprints were lifted off the dining room window, the supposed point of entry, as well as the drawing board of the kitchen unit. All prints matched Warner’s, who, in his initial statement claimed he never entered the house, but later admitted it as a “drunken intention to steal”.
A footprint found on a chair near the dining room window was said to have matched the pair of brown leather shoes Warner was wearing on the night of the murder.
No blood was found in or around Warner’s caravan where he lived with a Mr Knox. Mr Pool’s checked shirt, which was stolen from the scene, was recovered. Knox claimed the suspect was wearing it when he came home at around 2:45 am.
Warner appealed to the Criminal Cases Review Commission (CCRC) in June 2003 with the defence that no blood was found on his clothes or in/around his caravan. There was also no evidence suggesting he had gone upstairs.
Under Section 19 of the Criminal Appeal Act 1995, the CCRC requested the use of new forensic techniques to help identify the finger and palm prints lifted from the scene.
They concluded that:
Porch Front Door matched Martin Edward Smith, a witness who claimed to see a man matching Warner’s description acting suspiciously on Gibson Road at 12:30am on the night of the murder. Further investigation revealed inconsistencies in his statement that produced important evidence against Warner. The location of the print also raised suspicion on him as a potential suspect.
However, he had no obvious connection to the victims and there was no evidence to suggest he’d ever been inside the house.
With Warner later admitting that a V-neck jumper found at the scene was his, “indistinguishable” fibres, found on Mrs Pool’s bedsheets, suggested that he could have been in contact with items recovered upstairs, producing strong evidence against his appeal. It was once again, rejected.
The effectiveness of the CCRC is their determinism to approach every case with Scepticism. Under Section 19, they are able to follow other possible leads in a case, using forensic techniques that may not have been available during the time of the trial. In Mr Warner’s case, this evidence made him appear guiltier rather than proving his innocence.

Wednesday 29 February 2012

"A History of the World in a Hundred Objects"

The Typewriter


First developed as a tool for recording the written word, the Typewriter was “clunky” and “dirty” relying on a dial rather than keys to function. It emerged towards the end of the Industrial Revolution, meaning it would have been in direct competition with other technologies, such as the Automobile or the Telephone. Its “Q-W-E-R-T-Y” keyboard, first developed in the 1870’s, made it a commercial success and was later adapted by other manufacturers.

Thursday 16 February 2012

Radio News.

#1

Local Trade Unions surrounded Elizabeth II Court in Winchester today protesting against Public Sector Cuts.

Hampshire County Council are said to be cutting £100m from the local budget over the next two years, which could cost many people their jobs.

One council employee commented:

In: "You know I'm obviously seeing..."
Out: "... and this is a National problem."

Duration: 33 seconds.

#2

Hampshire Police have joined forces with Stonewall's "It Gets Better Today" Campaign to help those suffering from homophobic bullying.

The decision was made in response to growing reports of homophobic and transphobic incidents over the past months. 255 reports were recorded between April 2011 and January 2012 - 146 said to have been hate crimes.

For more information visit: http://www.stonewall.org.uk/

Source: http://www.hampshire.police.uk/Internet/news/releases/It+Gets+Better+Today.htm (06/02/2012)

#3

It has been revealed that Twitter can selectively "censor" tweets by country.

The announcement follows SOPA's Blackout Campaign against Internet Censorship which could jeopardize the right to freedom of expression, affecting 100 million users worldwide.


In: "In response to Twitter's decision..."
Out: "... of communicating with distant family."

Duration: 38 seconds.

Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-16753729 (27/01/2012)

Friday 10 February 2012

"A Tale Of Two Revolutions" #1

THE ROMANTIC MOVEMENT (page 615)

The Renaissance brought about a new respect for architecture, literature and the sciences. Romanticism, however, was of German influence and consisted of a 'revolt' against the current ethical and aesthetic standards brought about by the Italians.

ROUSSEAU (page 623)

"Man is born free and everywhere he is in chains"

Jean-Jacques Rousseau was said to be the 'father' of the Romantic Movement. He was a sinister man who glorified violence (with the contempt of traditional morals) and his 'anarchic tendencies' led to the questioning of the State's authority - Characteristic of 'German Idealism'.

The 'Principle of Nationality' eroded, as Idealists such as Rousseau, sought disruption throughout France. 'Sensibility' took the place of existing values as he longed for Liberty; it was 'absolute'. He believed himself to be superior, like that of a God, therefore, refused to be controlled by the State.

His "Discourse on Inequality", published in 1754, establishes how man is 'naturally good' but is made bad by the State. (Men are conscious of their submission and are "forced to be free"). Anarchy would be seen as 'heroic' in the eyes of Rousseau as it was his philosophy that you "follow feeling rather than reason to be virtuous" - "Emile" (1762)

Much like Plato, he claims reason to be on the side of religious belief. To Rousseau, religion was 'difficult' and 'abstruse'. There is nothing outside our own emotions, he claims, and therefore, anyone who believed was branded 'ignorant'.

"The heart has its reasons, of which reason is ignorant" (page 629)

His concept of the 'General Will' outlined the belief in a Totalitarian State, whereby the individual is branded 'powerless' by the "passive" institution.

CURRENTS OF THOUGHT IN THE 19TH CENTURY (page 652)

'German Idealism' dominanted in France and 'British Empricism' in England, producing various 'men of science', such as Immanuel Kant and Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel.

With literary influences like William Cobbett, there remained a belief in Utilitarianism - 'Happiness is a pleasure and the absense of pain'. This is reminiscent of Locke's "blank slate", in which our sensory perceptions determine our reactions to certain external objects. We often seek short-term pain for long-term pleasure and therefore, happiness is considered a 'virtue'.

Naturalist Charles Darwin also helped to determine this increase in the sense of human power. He was a liberal who believed in a world of 'free competition' and the growing power of the State - "Theory of Evolution". He introduced 'scientific optimism' into the minds of the people, suggesting nature was biological rather than mechanical.

It was now believed that you could achieve anything using scientific method. The idea of 'natural beauty', characteristic of the Renaissance, vanquished and 'scientific propaganda' ruled.

All quotes sourced from:
Russell, Bertrand "The History Of Western Philosophy" (2009)

Tuesday 31 January 2012

Writing For Radio.

( ) = to indicate pause

underlined = to indicate emphasis

We marvel at them (.) in a way we all want to be like them (.) they offer us an escape from the trials of the real world (.) allowing us to become engulfed in theirs (.) a place where good always prevails and the necessity of evil is short-lived (2)

They colour the world with their graphic existence (.) characterised by strength and independence (.) suave and elegant (2) some riddle us with fancy cars (.) some glide through the air (.) others pierce it with an impenetrable force as onlookers watch in awe (2) we are fascinated by them (.) fictional characters (.) narratives that explore a life outside reality (2)

We long to be like them (.) mutants (.) creatures that defy the laws of nature (.) yet we are compelled to read about them (.) watch them as they dedicate themselves to protect (.) to serve (.) to defend (2) a God-like figure (.) a Saviour (2)

A brand (.) integrated into the lives of ordinary people (.) affecting who we are and how we think (2) they represent a kind of freedom (.) yet they are isolated (.) imprisoned (.) ideological (2) they represent justice (.) of which they will defend to the death (2)

We can never know their true identities (.) they hide in the shadows (.) much like the monsters from our nightmares (.) we come to fear them (2) they all have a dark side (.) most live double lives (2) yet they continue to remain anonymous (.) even in the rawest of moments (2)

Reflections of a fair and just world (.) we admire them (.) they are revolutionary (.) distinct (5)

                                    What are they?



     Music by Brandon K. Guttenfelder. Available under Creative Commons.

Sunday 22 January 2012

Hume's "Essay Concerning Human Understanding": An Analysis.

(Following on from: http://scifichick93.blogspot.com/2011/12/hcj-seminar-paper-291111.html)

Published in 1751, Hume's "Essay Concerning Human Understanding" became so significant that it was said to have awakened Kant from his 'dogmatic slumbers'.

As an amendment of his earlier Doctrine "A Treatise of Human Nature" which sadly "fell dead-born to the press", Hume's "Essay" was instead a shorter and more analytical piece.

I hope my analysis proves helpful to anyone else struggling with the Scottish Empiricists philosophy...

Tuesday 10 January 2012

SHERLOCK HOLMES: A GAME OF SHADOWS REVIEW.


WARNING. REVIEW MAY CONTAIN SPOILERS.

"The thrill is in the chase, never in the capture." (Agatha Christie)

Prepare yourself for a banterous bromance, devilish disguises and a generic German villain who is determined to bring about the death of western civilisation, as a case of mistaken identity leads Holmes, Watson and their gypsy counterpart on A Game Of Shadows.

Image available under Wikimedia Commons.

Guy Ritchie is back, directing in my opinion, a brilliantly executed portrayal of the quick-witted detective's unforgettable escapades.

I found the first Sherlock Holmes film, in which Holmes was faced with the challenge of defeating occult sorcerer Lord Blackwood, rather underwhelming. Considering the supernatural storyline was a reference to author Doyle, it lacked the ominousity and the shock value that makes his stories so appealing.

Reading 'The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes' it is evident that the films detach themselves significantly from the books. Instead, Ritchie has chosen to revamp Holmes into a modern-day action-hero, being portrayed as the "physical type" rather than the "thinker", making the film a comedy of sorts. 

In my opinion, he has done an elementary job. The bullet-time sequences are iconic as we are invited to enter the poetic mind of Holmes in a way that is somewhat intrusive yet captivating all the same. Robert Downey Jr never fails to impress with his portrayal of the sinister Holmes, and the on-screen chemistry between him and Jude Law is undeniably charming.

VERDICT:
"If convenient, come at once. If inconvenient, come all the same."

Festive Frenzy.


I am currently enjoying the satisfying lull that follows Christmas and New Year, having spent most of my time catching up with family and friends after twelve intense weeks of forceful motivation and hard work.

Granted, my first semester turned out to be both fun and enriching and I now embark on a New Year freshly bathed in knowledge and experience.


Wishing you all an exceptional New Year.